Psalm 51:
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Psalm 51
Complete Concise
Though David penned this psalm upon a very particular occasion,
yet, it is of as general use as any of David's psalms; it is the most eminent
of the penitential psalms, and most expressive of the cares and desires of a
repenting sinner. It is a pity indeed that in our devout addresses to God we
should have any thing else to do than to praise God, for that is the work of
heaven; but we make other work for ourselves by our own sins and follies: we
must come to the throne of grace in the posture of penitents, to confess our
sins and sue for the grace of God; and, if therein we would take with us words,
we can nowhere find any more apposite than in this psalm, which is the record of
David's repentance for his sin in the matter of Uriah, which was the greatest
blemish upon his character: all the rest of his faults were nothing to this; it
is said of him (1 Ki. 15:5), That "he turned not aside from the commandment
of the Lord all the days of his life, save only in the matter of Uriah the
Hittite." In this psalm, I. He confesses his sin (v. 3-6). II. He prays
earnestly for the pardon of his sin (v. 1, 2, 7, 9). III. For peace of
conscience (v. 8, 12). IV. For grace to go and sin no more (v. 10, 11, 14). V.
For liberty of access to God (v. 15). IV. He promises to do what he could for
the good of the souls of others (v. 13) and for the glory of God (v. 16, 17,
19). And, lastly, concludes with a prayer for Zion and Jerusalem (v. 18). Those
whose consciences charge them with any gross sin should, with a believing regard
to Jesus Christ, the Mediator, again and again pray over this psalm; nay, though
we have not been guilty of adultery and murder, or any the like enormous crime,
yet in singing it, and praying over it, we may very sensibly apply it all to
ourselves, which if we do with suitable affections we shall, through Christ,
find mercy to pardon and grace for seasonable help.
To the chief musician. A psalm of David, when Nathan the prophet
came unto him, after he had gone in to Bath-sheba.
Verses 1-6
The title has reference to a very sad story, that of David's
fall. But, though he fell, he was not utterly cast down, for God graciously
upheld him and raised him up. 1. The sin which, in this psalm, he laments, was
the folly and wickedness he committed with his neighbour's wife, a sin not to
be spoken of, nor thought of, without detestation. His debauching of Bathsheba
was the inlet to all the other sins that followed; it was as the letting forth
of water. This sin of David's is recorded for warning to all, that he who
thinks he stands may take heed lest he fall. 2. The repentance which, in this
psalm, he expresses, he was brought to by the ministry of Nathan, who was sent
of God to convince him of his sin, after he had continued above nine months (for
aught that appears) without any particular expressions of remorse and sorrow for
it. But though God may suffer his people to fall into sin, and to lie a great
while in it, yet he will, by some means or other, recover them to repentance,
bring them to himself and to their right mind again. Herein, generally, he uses
the ministry of the word, which yet he is not tied to. But those that have been
overtaken in any fault ought to reckon a faithful reproof the greatest kindness
that can be don them and a wise reprover their best friend.
Let the righteous
smite me, and it shall be excellent oil. 3. David, being convinced of his
sin, poured out his soul to God in prayer for mercy and grace. Whither should
backsliding children return, but to the Lord their God, from whom they have
backslidden, and who alone can heal their backslidings? 4. He drew up, by divine
inspiration, the workings of his heart towards God, upon this occasion, into a
psalm, that it might be often repeated, and long after reviewed; and this he
committed to the chief musician, to be sung in the public service of the church.
(1.) As a profession of his own repentance, which he would have to be generally
taken notice of, his sin having been notorious, that the plaster might be as
wide as the wound. Those that truly repent of their sins will not be ashamed to
own their repentance; but, having lost the honour of innocents, they will rather
covet the honour of penitents. (2.) As a pattern to others, both to bring them
to repentance by his example and to instruct them in their repentance what to do
an what to say. Being converted himself, he thus
strengthens his brethren
(Lu. 22:32), and
for this cause he obtained mercy, 1 Tim. 1:16.
In these words we have,
I. David's humble petition, v. 1, 2. His prayer is much the
same with that which our Saviour puts into the mouth of his penitent publican in
the parable:
God be merciful to me a sinner! Lu. 18:13. David was, upon
many accounts, a man of great merit; he had not only done much, but suffered
much, in the cause of God; and yet, when he is convinced of sin, he does not
offer to balance his evil deeds with his good deeds, nor can he think that his
services will atone for his offences; but he flies to God's infinite mercy,
and depends upon that only for pardon and peace:
Have mercy upon me, O God!
He owns himself obnoxious to God's justice, and therefore casts himself upon
his mercy; and it is certain that the best man in the world will be undone if
God be not merciful to him. Observe,
1. What his plea is for this mercy:
"have mercy upon me,
O God! not according to the dignity of my birth, as descended from the
prince of the tribe of Judah, not according to my public services as Israel's
champion, or my public honours as Israel's king;" his plea is not,
Lord,
remember David and all his afflictions, how he vowed to build a place for the
ark (Ps. 132:1, 2); a true penitent will make no mention of any such thing;
but "Have mercy upon me for mercy's sake. I have nothing to plead with
thee but," (1.) "The freeness of thy mercy, according to thy
lovingkindness, thy clemency, the goodness of thy nature, which inclines thee to
pity the miserable." (2.) "The fulness of thy mercy. There are in thee
not only lovingkindness and tender mercies, but abundance of them, a multitude
of tender mercies for the forgiveness of many sinners, of many sins, to multiply
pardons as we multiply transgressions."
2. What is the particular mercy that he begs—the pardon of
sin.
Blot out my transgressions, as a debt is blotted or crossed out of
the book, when either the debtor has paid it or the creditor has remitted it.
"Wipe out my transgressions, that they may not appear to demand judgment
against me, nor stare me in the face to my confusion and terror." The blood
of Christ, sprinkled upon the conscience, to purify and pacify that, blots out
the transgression, and, having reconciled us to God, reconciles up to ourselves,
v. 2.
"Wash me thoroughly from my iniquity; wash my soul from the
guilt and stain of my sin by thy mercy and grace, for it is only from a
ceremonial pollution that the water of separation will avail to cleanse me.
Multiple to wash me; the stain is deep, for I have lain long soaking in the
guilt, so that it will not easily be got out. O wash me much, wash me
thoroughly.
Cleanse me from my sin." Sin defiles us, renders us
odious in the sight of the holy God, and uneasy to ourselves; it unfits us for
communion with God in grace or glory. When God pardons sin he cleanses us from
it, so that we become acceptable to him, easy to ourselves, and have liberty of
access to him. Nathan had assured David, upon his first profession of
repentance, that his win was pardoned.
The Lord has taken away thy sin; thou
shalt not die, 2 Sa. 12:13. Yet he prays,
Wash me, cleanse, blot out my
transgressions; for God will be sought unto even for that which he has
promised; and those whose sins are pardoned must pray that the pardon may be
more and more cleared up to them. God had forgiven him, but he could not forgive
himself; and therefore he is thus importunate for pardon, as one that thought
himself unworthy of it and knew how to value it.
II. David's penitential confessions, v. 3-5.
1. He was very free to own his guilt before God:
I
acknowledge my transgressions; this he had formerly found the only way of
easing his conscience, Ps. 32:4, 5. Nathan said,
Thou art the man. I am,
says David;
I have sinned.
2. He had such a deep sense of it that the was continually
thinking of it with sorrow and shame. His contrition for his sin was not a
slight sudden passion, but an abiding grief:
"My sin is ever before me,
to humble me and mortify me, and make me continually blush and tremble. It is
ever
against me" (so some); "I see it before me as an enemy, accusing
and threatening me." David was, upon all occasions, put in mid of his sin,
and was willing to be so, for his further abasement. He never walked on the roof
of his house without a penitent reflection on his unhappy walk there when thence
he saw Bathsheba; he never lay down to sleep without a sorrowful thought of the
bed of his uncleanness, never sat down to meat, never sent his servant on an
errand, or took his pen in hand, but it put him in mind of his making Uriah
drunk, the treacherous message he sent by him, and the fatal warrant he wrote
and signed for his execution. Note, The acts of repentance, even for the same
sin, must be often repeated. It will be of good use for us to have our sins ever
before us, that by the remembrance of our past sins we may be kept humble, may
be armed against temptation, quickened to duty, and made patient under the
cross.
(1.) He confesses his actual transgressions (v. 4):
Against
thee, thee only, have I sinned. David was a very great man, and yet, having
done amiss, submits to the discipline of a penitent, and thinks not his royal
dignity will excuse him from it. Rich and poor must here meet together; there is
one law of repentance for both; the greatest must be judged shortly, and
therefore must judge themselves now. David was a very good man, and yet, having
sinned, he willingly accommodates himself to the place and posture of a
penitent. The best men, if they sin, should give the best example of repentance.
[1.] His confession is particular;
"I have done this evil, this that
I am now reproved for, this that my own conscience now upbraids me with."
Note, It is good to be particular in the confession of sin, that we may be the
more express in praying for pardon, and so may have the more comfort in it. We
ought to reflect upon the particular heads of our sins of infirmity and the
particular circumstances of our gross sins. [2.] He aggravates the sin which he
confesses and lays a load upon himself for it:
Against thee, and in thy
sight. Hence our Saviour seems to borrow the confession which he puts into
the mouth of the returning prodigal:
I have sinned against heaven, and before
thee, Lu. 15:18. Two things David laments in his sin:—
First, That
it was committed against God. To him the affront is given, and he is the party
wronged. It is his truth that by wilful sin we deny, his conduct that we
despise, his command that we disobey, his promise that we distrust, his name
that we dishonour, and it is with him that we deal deceitfully and
disingenuously. From this topic Joseph fetched the great argument against sin
(Gen. 39:9), and David here the great aggravation of it:
Against thee only.
Some make this to intimate the prerogative of his crown, that, as a king, he was
not accountable to any but God; but it is more agreeable to his present temper
to suppose that it expresses the deep contrition of his soul for his sin, and
that it was upon right grounds. He here sinned against Bathsheba and Uriah,
against his own soul, and body, and family, against his kingdom, and against the
church of God, and all this helped to humble him; but none of these were sinned
against so as God was, and therefore this he lays the most sorrowful accent
upon:
Against thee only have I sinned. Secondly, That it was committed in
God's sight. "This not only proves it upon me, but renders it exceedingly
sinful." This should greatly humble us for all our sins, that they have
been committed under the eye of God, which argues either a disbelief of his
omniscience or a contempt of his justice. [3.] He justifies God in the sentence
passed upon him—that
the sword should never depart from his house, 2
Sa. 12:10, 11. He is very forward to own his sin, and aggravate it, not only
that he might obtain the pardon of it himself, but that by his confession he
might give honour to God.
First, That God might be justified in the
threatenings he had spoken by Nathan. "Lord, I have nothing to say against
the justice of them; I deserve what is threatened, and a thousand times worse."
Thus Eli acquiesced in the like threatenings (1 Sa. 3:18),
It is the Lord.
And Hezekiah (2 Ki. 20:19),
Good is the word of the Lord, which thou hast
spoken. Secondly, That God might be clear when he judged, that is, when he
executed those threatenings. David published his confession of sin that when
hereafter he should come into trouble none might say God had done him any wrong;
for he owns the Lord is righteous: thus will all true penitents justify God by
condemning themselves.
Thou art just in all that is brought upon us.
(2.) He confesses his original corruption (v. 5):
Behold, I
was shapen in iniquity. He does not call upon God to behold it, but upon
himself. "Come, my soul, look unto the rock out of which I was hewn, and
thou wilt find I was shapen in iniquity. Had I duly considered this before, I
find I should not have made so bold with the temptation, nor have ventured among
the sparks with such tinder in my heart; and so the sin might have been
prevented. Let me consider it now, not to excuse or extenuate the sin—
Lord,
I did so; but indeed I could not help it, my inclination led me to it"
(for as that plea is false, with due care and watchfulness, and improvement of
the grace of God, he might have helped it, so it is what a true penitent never
offers to put in), "but let me consider it rather as an aggravation of the
sin: Lord, I have not only been guilty of adultery and murder, but I have an
adulterous murderous nature; therefore I abhor myself." David elsewhere
speaks of the admirable structure of his body (Ps. 139:14, 15); it was
curiously
wrought; and yet here he says it was shapen in iniquity, sin was twisted in
with it; not as it came out of God's hands, but as it comes through our
parents' loins. He elsewhere speaks of the piety of his mother, that she was
God's handmaid, and he pleads his relation to her (Ps. 116:16, 86:16), and yet
here he says
she conceived him in sin; for though she was, by grace, a
child of God, she was, by nature, a daughter of Eve, and not excepted from the
common character. Note, It is to be sadly lamented by every one of us that we
brought into the world with us a corrupt nature, wretchedly degenerated from its
primitive purity and rectitude; we have from our birth the snares of sin in our
bodies, the seeds of sin in our souls, and a stain of sin upon both. This is
what we call
original sin, because it is as ancient as our original, and
because it is the original of all our actual transgressions. This is that
foolishness which is bound in the heart of a child, that proneness of evil and
backwardness to good which is the burden of the regenerate and the ruin of the
unregenerate; it is a bent to backslide from God.
III. David's acknowledgment of the grace of God (v. 6), both
his good-will towards us (
"thou desirest truth in the inward parts,
thou wouldst have us all honest and sincere, and true to our profession")
and his good work in us—
"In the hidden part thou hast made,"
or shalt make,
"me to know wisdom." Note, 1. Truth and wisdom
will go very far towards making a man a good man. A clear head and a sound heart
(prudence and sincerity) bespeak the man of God perfect. 2. What God requires of
us he himself works in us, and he works it in the regular way, enlightening the
mind, and so gaining the will. But how does this come in here? (1.) God is
hereby justified and cleared: "Lord, thou was not the author of my sin;
there is no blame to be laid upon thee; but I alone must bear it; for thou has
many a time admonished me to be sincere, and hast made me to know that which, if
I had duly considered it, would have prevented my falling into this sin; had I
improved the grace thou hast given me, I should have kept my integrity."
(2.) The sin is hereby aggravated: "Lord, thou desirest truth; but where
was it when I dissembled with Uriah?
Thou hast made me to know wisdom;
but I have not lived up to what I have known." (3.) He is hereby
encouraged, in his repentance, to hope that God would graciously accept him;
for, [1.] God had made him sincere in his resolutions never to return to folly
again:
Thou desirest truth in the inward part; this is that which God has
an eye to in a returning sinner, that
in his spirit there be no guile,
Ps. 32:2. David was conscious to himself of the uprightness of his heart towards
God in his repentance, and therefore doubted not but God would accept him. [2.]
He hoped that God would enable him to make good his resolutions, that in the
hidden part, in the new man, which is called the
hidden man of the heart
(1 Pt. 3:4), he would make him to know wisdom, so as to discern and avoid the
designs of the tempter another time. Some read it as a prayer: "Lord, in
this instance, I have done foolishly; for the future make me to know wisdom."
Where there is truth God will give wisdom; those that sincerely endeavour to do
their duty shall be taught their duty.
Verses 7-13
I. See here what David prays for. Many excellent petitions he
here puts up, to which if we do but add, "for Christ's sake," they
are as evangelical as any other.
1. He prays that God would cleanse him from his sins and the
defilement he had contracted by them (v. 7):
"Purge me with hyssop;
that is, pardon my sins, and let me know that they are pardoned, that I may be
restored to those privileges which by sin I have forfeited and lost." The
expression here alludes to a ceremonial distinction, that of cleansing the
leper, or those that were unclean by the touch of a body by sprinkling water, or
blood, or both upon them with a bunch of hyssop, by which they were, at length,
discharged from the restraints they were laid under by their pollution.
"Lord, let me be as well assured of my restoration to thy favour, and to
the privilege of communion with thee, as they were thereby assured of their
re-admission to their former privileges." But it is founded upon
gospel-grace:
Purge me with hyssop, that is, with the blood of Christ
applied to my soul by a lively faith, as water of purification was sprinkled
with a bunch of hyssop. It is the blood of Christ (which is therefore called
the
blood of sprinkling, Heb. 12:24), that purges the conscience from dead
works, from that guilt of sin and dread of God which shut us out of communion
with him, as the touch of a dead body, under the law, shut a man out from the
courts of God's house. If this blood of Christ, which cleanses from all sin,
cleanse us from our sin, then we shall be clean indeed, Heb. 10:2. If we be
washed in this fountain opened, we shall be whiter than snow, not only acquitted
but accepted; so those are that are justified. Isa. 1:18,
Though your sins
have been as scarlet, they shall be white as snow.
2. He prays that, his sins being pardoned, he might have the
comfort of that pardon. He asks not to be comforted till first he is cleansed;
but if sin, the bitter root of sorrow, be taken away, he can pray in faith,
"Make
me to hear joy and gladness (v. 8), that is, let me have a well-grounded
peace, of thy creating, thy speaking, so that the bones which thou hast broken
by convictions and threatenings may rejoice, may not only be set again, and
eased from the pain, but may be sensibly comforted, and, as the prophet speaks,
may flourish as a herb." Note, (1.) The pain of a heart truly broken for
sin may well be compared to that of a broken bone; and it is the same Spirit who
as a Spirit of bondage smites and wounds and as a Spirit of adoption heals and
binds up. (2.) The comfort and joy that arise from a sealed pardon to a penitent
sinner are as refreshing as perfect ease from the most exquisite pain. (3.) It
is God's work, not only to speak this joy and gladness, but to make us hear it
and take the comfort of it. He earnestly desires that God would lift up the
light of his countenance upon him, and so put gladness into his heart, that he
would not only be reconciled to him, but, which is a further act of grace, let
him know that he was so.
3. He prays for a complete and effectual pardon. This is that
which he is most earnest for as the foundation of his comfort (v. 9):
"Hide
thy face from my sins, that is, be not provoked by them to deal with me as I
deserve; they are ever before me, let them be cast behind thy back.
Blot out
all my iniquities out of the book of thy account; blot them out, as a cloud
is blotted out and dispelled by the beams of the sun," Isa. 44:22.
4. He prays for sanctifying grace; and this every true penitent
is as earnest for as for pardon and peace, v. 10. He does not pray, "Lord,
preserve me my reputation," as Saul,
I have sinned, yet honour me before
this people. No; his great concern is to get his corrupt nature changed: the
sin he had been guilty of was, (1.) An evidence of its impurity, and therefore
he prays,
Create in me a clean heart, O God! He now saw, more than ever,
what an unclean heart he had, and sadly laments it, but sees it is not in his
own power to amend it, and therefore begs of God (whose prerogative it is to
create) that he would create in him a clean heart. He only that made the heart
can new-make it; and to his power nothing is impossible. He created the world by
the word of his power as the God of nature, and it is by the word of his power
as the God of grace that
we are clean (Jn. 15:3), that we
are
sanctified, Jn. 17:17. (2.) It was the cause of its disorder, and undid much
of the good work that had been wrought in him; and therefore he prays,
"Lord,
renew a right spirit within me; repair the decays of spiritual strength
which this sin has been the cause of, and set me to rights again." Renew a
constant
spirit within me, so some. He had, in this matter, discovered much inconstancy
and inconsistency with himself, and therefore he prays, "Lord, fix me for
the time to come, that I may never in like manner depart from thee."
5. He prays for the continuance of God's good-will towards him
and the progress of his good work in him, v. 11. (1.) That he might never be
shut out from God's favour:
"Cast me not away from thy presence,
as one whom thou abhorrest and canst not endure to look upon." He prays
that he might not be thrown out of God's protection, but that wherever he
went, he might have the divine presence with him, might be under the guidance of
his wisdom and in the custody of his power, and that he might not be forbidden
communion with God: "Let me not be banished thy courts, but always have
liberty of access to thee by prayer." He does not deprecate the temporal
judgments which God by Nathan had threatened to bring upon him. "God's
will be done; but, Lord, rebuke me no in thy wrath. If the sword come into my
house never to depart from it, yet let me have a God to go to in my distresses,
and all shall be well." (2.) That he might never be deprived of God's
grace:
Take not thy Holy Spirit from me. He knew he had by his sin
grieved the Spirit and provoked him to with draw, and that because he also was
flesh God might justly have said that his Spirit should no more strive with him
nor work upon him, Gen. 6:3. This he dreads more than any thing. We are undone
if God take his Holy Spirit from us. Saul was a sad instance of this. How
exceedingly sinful, how exceedingly miserable, was he, when the Spirit of the
Lord had departed from him! David knew it, and therefore begs thus earnestly:
"Lord, whatever thou take from me, my children, my crown, my life, yet
take
not thy Holy Spirit from me" (see 2 Sa. 7:15), "but continue thy
Holy Spirit with me, to perfect the work of my repentance, to prevent my relapse
into sin, and to enable me to discharge my duty both as a prince and as a
psalmist."
6. He prays for the restoration of divine comforts and the
perpetual communications of divine grace, v. 12. David finds two ill effects of
his sin:—(1.) It had made him sad, and therefore he prays,
Restore unto me
the joy of thy salvation. A child of God knows no true nor solid joy but the
joy of God's salvation, joy in God his Saviour and in the hope of eternal
life. By wilful sin we forfeit this joy and deprive ourselves of it; our
evidences cannot but be clouded and our hopes shaken. When we give ourselves so
much cause to doubt of our interest in the salvation, how can we expect the joy
of it? But, when we truly repent, we may pray and hope that God will restore to
us those joys. Those that sow in penitential tears shall reap in the joys of God's
salvation when the times of refreshing shall come. (2.) It had made him weak,
and therefore he prays,
"Uphold me with the free Spirit: I am ready
to fall, either into sin or into despair; Lord, sustain me; my own spirit"
(though the spirit of a man will go far towards the sustaining of his infirmity)
"is not sufficient; if I be left to myself, I shall certainly sink;
therefore uphold me with thy Spirit, let him counterwork the evil spirit that
would cast me down from my excellency. Thy Spirit is a free spirit, a free gent
himself, working freely" (and that makes those free whom he works upon, for
where the Spirit of the Lord is there is liberty)—"thy ingenuous princely
Spirit." He was conscious to himself of having acted, in the matter of
Uriah, very disingenuously and unlike a prince; his behaviour was base and
paltry: "Lord," says he, "let thy Spirit inspire my soul with
noble and generous principles, that I may always act as becomes me." A free
spirit will be a firm and fixed spirit, and will uphold us. The more cheerful we
are in our duty the more constant we shall be to it.
II. See what David here promises, v. 13. Observe,
1. What good work he promises to do:
I will teach
transgressors thy ways. David had been himself a transgressor, and therefore
could speak experimentally to transgressors, and resolves, having himself found
mercy with God in the way of repentance, to teach others God's ways, that is,
(1.) Our way to God by repentance; he would teach others that had sinned to take
the same course that he had taken, to humble themselves, to confess their sins,
and seek God's face; and, (2.) God's way towards us in pardoning mercy; how
ready he is to receive those that return to him. He taught the former by his own
example, for the direction of sinners in repenting; he taught the latter by his
own experience, for their encouragement. By this psalm he is, and will be to the
world's end, teaching transgressors, telling them what God had done for his
soul. Note, Penitents should be preachers. Solomon was so, and blessed Paul.
2. What good effect he promises himself from his doing this:
"Sinners
shall be converted unto thee, and shall neither persist in their wanderings
from thee, nor despair of finding mercy in their returns to thee." The
great thing to be aimed at in teaching transgressors is their conversion to God;
that is a happy point gained, and happy are those that are instrumental to
contribute towards it, Jam. 5:20.
Verses 14-19
I. David prays against the guilt of sin, and prays for the grace
of God, enforcing both petitions from a plea taken from the glory of God, which
he promises with thankfulness to show forth. 1. He prays against the guilt of
sin, that he might be delivered from that, and promises that then he would
praise God, v. 14. The particular sin he prays against is blood-guiltiness, the
sin he had now been guilty of, having slain Uriah with the sword of the children
of Ammon. Hitherto perhaps he had stopped the mouth of conscience with that
frivolous excuse, that he did not kill him himself; but now he was convinced
that he was the murderer, and, hearing the blood cry to God for vengeance, he
cries to God for mercy:
"Deliver me from blood-guiltiness; let me
not lie under the guilt of this kind which I have contracted, but let it be
pardoned to me, and let me never be left to myself to contract the like guilt
again." Note, It concerns us all to pray earnestly against the guilt of
blood. In this prayer he eyes God as the God of salvation. Note, Those to whom
God is the God of salvation he will deliver from guilt; for the salvation he is
the God of is salvation from sin. We may therefore plead this with him,
"Lord, thou art the God of my salvation, therefore deliver me from the
dominion of sin." He promises that, if God would deliver him,
his tongue
should sing aloud of his righteousness; God should have the glory both of
pardoning mercy and of preventing grace. God's righteousness is often put for
his grace, especially in the great business of justification and sanctification.
This he would comfort himself in and therefore sing of; and this he would
endeavour both to acquaint and to affect others with; he would
sing aloud
of it. This all those should do that have had the benefit of it, and owe their
all to it. 2. He prays for the grace of God and promises to improve that grace
to his glory (v. 15):
"O Lord! open thou my lips, not only that I
may teach and instruct sinners" (which the best preacher cannot do to any
purpose unless God give him the opening of the mouth, and the tongue of the
learned), "but
that my mouth may show forth thy praise, not only
that I may have abundant matter for praise, but a heart enlarged in praise."
Guilt had closed his lips, had gone near to stop the mouth of prayer; he could
not for shame, he could not for fear, come into the presence of that God whom he
knew he had offended, much less speak to him; his heart condemned him, and
therefore he had little confidence towards God. It cast a damp particularly upon
his praises; when he had lost the joys of his salvation his harp was hung upon
the willow-trees; therefore he prays,
"Lord, open my life, put my
heart in tune for praise again." To those that are tongue-tied by reason of
guilt the assurance of the forgiveness of their sins says effectually,
Ephphatha—Be
opened; and, when the lips are opened, what should they speak but the
praises of God, as Zacharias did? Lu. 1:64.
II. David offers the sacrifice of a penitent contrite heart, as
that which he knew God would be pleased with. 1. He knew well that the
sacrificing of beasts was in itself of no account with God (v. 16):
Thou
desirest not sacrifice (else would I give it with all my heart to obtain
pardon and peace);
thou delightest not in burnt-offering. Here see how
glad David would have been to give thousands of rams to make atonement for sin.
Those that are thoroughly convinced of their misery and danger by reason of sin
would spare no cost to obtain the remission of it, Mic. 6:6, 7. But see how
little God valued this. As trials of obedience, and types of Christ, he did
indeed require sacrifices to be offered; but he had no delight in them for any
intrinsic worth or value they had.
Sacrifice and offering thou wouldst not.
As they cannot make satisfaction for sin, so God cannot take any satisfaction in
them, any otherwise than as the offering of them is expressive of love and duty
to him. 2. He knew also how acceptable true repentance is to God (v. 17):
The
sacrifices of God are a broken spirit. See here, (1.) What the good work is
that is wrought in every true penitent—a broken spirit, a broken and a
contrite heart. It is a work wrought upon the heart; that is it that God looks
at, and requires, in all religious exercises, particularly in the exercises of
repentance. It is a sharp work wrought there, no less than the breaking of the
heart; not in despair (as we say, when a man is undone, His heart is broken),
but in necessary humiliation and sorrow for sin. It is a heart breaking with
itself, and breaking from its sin; it is a heart pliable to the word of God, and
patient under the rod of God, a heart subdued and brought into obedience; it is
a heart that is tender, like Josiah's, and trembles at God's word. Oh that
there were such a heart in us! (2.) How graciously God is pleased to accept of
this. It is
the sacrifices of God, not one, but many; it is instead of
all burnt-offering and sacrifice. The breaking of Christ's body for sin is the
only sacrifice of atonement, for no sacrifice but that could take away sin; but
the breaking of our hearts for sin is a sacrifice of acknowledgment, a sacrifice
of God, for to him it is offered up; he requires it, he prepares it (he provides
this lamb for a burnt-offering), and he will accept of it. That which pleased
God was not the feeding of a beast, and making much of it, but killing it; so it
is not the pampering of our flesh, but the mortifying of it, that God will
accept. The sacrifice was bound, was bled, was burnt; so the penitent heart is
bound by convictions, bleeds in contrition, and then burns in holy zeal against
sin and for God. The sacrifice was offered upon the altar that sanctified the
gift; so the broken heart is acceptable to God only through Jesus Christ; there
is no true repentance without faith in him; and this is the sacrifice which he
will not despise. Men despise that which is broken, but God will not. He
despised the sacrifice of torn and broken beasts, but he will not despise that
of a torn and broken heart. He will not overlook it; he will not refuse or
reject it; though it make God no satisfaction for the wrong done him by sin, yet
he does not despise it. The proud Pharisee despised the broken-hearted publican,
and he thought very meanly of himself; but God did not despise him. More is
implied than is expressed; the great God overlooks heaven and earth, to look
with favour upon a
broken and contrite heart, Isa. 66:1, 2; 57:15.
III. David intercedes for Zion and Jerusalem, with an eye to the
honour of God. See what a concern he had,
1. For the good of the church of God (v. 18):
Do good in thy
good pleasure unto Zion, that is, (1.) "To all the particular
worshippers in Zion, to all that love and fear thy name; keep them from falling
into such wounding wasting sins as these of mine; defend and succour all that
fear thy name." Those that have been in spiritual troubles themselves know
how to pity and pray for those that are in like manner afflicted. Or, (2.) To
the public interests of Israel. David was sensible of the wrong he had done to
Judah and Jerusalem by his sin, how it had weakened the hands and saddened the
hearts of good people, and opened the mouths of their adversaries; he was
likewise afraid lest, he being a public person, his sin should bring judgments
upon the city and kingdom, and therefore he prays to God to secure and advance
those public interests which he had damaged and endangered. He prays that God
would prevent those national judgments which his sin had deserved, that he would
continue those blessings, and carry on that good work, which it had threatened
to retard and put a stop to. He prays, not only that God would do good to Zion,
as he did to other places, by his providence, but that he would do it in his
good
pleasure, with the peculiar favour he bore to that place which he had chosen
to put his name there, that the walls of Jerusalem, which perhaps were now in
the building, might be built up, and that good work finished. Note, [1.] When we
have most business of our own, and of greatest importance at the throne of
grace, yet then we must not forget to pray for the church of God; nay, or Master
has taught us in our daily prayers to begin with that,
Hallowed be thy name,
Thy kingdom come. [2.] The consideration of the prejudice we have done to
the public interests by our sins should engage us to do them all the service we
can, particularly by our prayers.
2. For the honour of the churches of God, v. 19. If God would
show himself reconciled to him and his people, as he had prayed, then they
should go on with the public services of his house, (1.) Cheerfully to
themselves. The sense of God's goodness to them would enlarge their hearts in
all the instances and expressions of thankfulness and obedience. They will then
come to his tabernacle with burnt-offerings, with whole burnt-offerings, which
were intended purely for the glory of God, and they shall offer, not lambs and
rams only, but bullocks, the costliest sacrifices, upon his altar. (2.)
Acceptably to God:
"Thou shalt be pleased with them, that is, we
shall have reason to hope so when we perceive the sin taken away which
threatened to hinder thy acceptance." Note, It is a great comfort to a good
man to think of the communion that is between God and his people in their public
assemblies, how he is honoured by their humble attendance on him and they are
happy in his gracious acceptance of it.
Psalm 51:
| Darby
| Geneva
| Gill
| Jamieson Faussett Brown
| Matthew Henry
| Matthew Henry Concise
| Spurgeon
| Wesley
| Index
| Bible Gateway |
Introduction 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 Job Proverbs
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